Course reader: Understanding Science

1. Karl R. Popper, Conjectures and Refutations. Harper & Row, 1963, 1965. 33-65.
   
   
2. Robert K. Merton, `Science and Democratic Social Structure' from Social Theory and Social Structure. Free Press, 1968. 604-615.
   
   
3. John Worrall, `Fresnel, Poisson, and the White Spot' from The Uses of Experiment, edited by David Gooding, Trevor Pinch, and Simon Schaffer. Cambridge University Press, 1989. 135-157.
   
   
4. Trevor Pinch, `Towards an Analysis of Scientific Obersvation' from Social Studies of Science 1985 vol 15. 3-36.
   
   
5. S. B. Barnes, `Making Out in Industrial Research' from Science Studies. 1971 vol 1. 157-175
   
   
6. an assortment of subway maps: Moscow, London, and Washington, DC
   
   
7. an assortment of world maps: Mercator, Stereoscopic, Azimuthal Equidistant, and Orthographic
   
   
8. Stephen Toulmin, `Theories and Maps' from The Philosophy of Science 1960, Harper&Row. 105-139.
   
   
9. Marguerite Halloway, `A Lab of Her Own' from Scientific American. 1993.
   
   
10. selections from NSF, Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2004. 9, 12, 14.
    
    
11. Evelyn Fox Keller, `Femminism and Science' from Signs: The Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 1982 vol 7 no 3. 589-602.
    
    
12. a news item: `Tomboys made, not born.' Australian Broadcasting Company. Nov 12, 2002.
    
    
13. Helen E. Longino, `Can There Be a Feminist Science?' from Hypatia. 1987 vol 2 no 3. 51-64.
    
    
14. Stephen G. Brush, `Women in Physical Science' from The Physics Teacher. Jan 1985 vol 23 no 1. 11-19.
    
    
15. Naomi Oreskes, `Objectivity or heroism? On the invisibility of women in science' from Osiris. 1996 vol 11. 87-113.
    
    
16. selections from Union of Concerned Scientists, Scientific Integrity in Policy Making. Feb 2004.
    
    
17. selections from the administration's reply. Apr 2004.